Z. Peng, S. A. Freunberger, Y. Chen and P. G. Bruce, Science, 2012, 337, 563–566 CrossRef CAS PubMed. Nayak, Prasant Kumar; Yang, Liangtao; Brehm, Wolfgang; Adelhelm, Philipp (2018). "From Lithium-Ion to Sodium-Ion Batteries: Advantages, Challenges, and Surprises". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (1): 102–120. doi: 10.1002/anie.201703772. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 28627780.

Another method based on the relation between capacity Q and scan rate v, which was developed by Ardizzone et al., 44 is also suitable to differentiate capacitive and diffusion-controlled processes. The total stored charge Q can be separated into two parts, i.e., the capacitive contribution Q c and the diffusion-controlled contribution Q d: Charging times and capacity: The specified charging capacities and charging times depend on various factors: In general, charging capacity and time vary due to factors such as the available connection output of the country-specific energy infrastructure, customer specific home installation, temperature, preconditioning of the interior of the car, state of charge and age of the battery due to physical and chemical limits. These factors can significantly increase the charging times compared to the specified values. For the best value of the specified DC charging time (DC = direct current) for increasing the state of charge from 5 to 80 percent, a CCS (Combined Charging System) DC Fast Charger with > 270 kW and > 850 V and a battery temperature between 86°F and 95°F are required. The state of charge at the start of the charging process must not exceed 5 percent. For physical and chemical reasons, the charging speed decreases as soon as the battery approaches its full capacity (attaching ions to the electrode becomes more difficult). As a result, it usually makes sense to charge the battery up to 80 percent or to a state corresponding to the required range when charging using DC fast charging. Primarily using CCS fast charging stations will result in longer charging times in the long term. For regular DC fast charging, a charging capacity of 50 kW or less is recommended. Vehicles equipped with the 79.2 kWh Performance Battery can accept up to 225kw and those equipped with the 93.4 kWh Performance Battery Plus can accept up to 270kw. Rudola, Ashish (24 November 2019). "The Future of Clean Transportation: Sodium-ion Batteries". bridgeindia.org.uk. Bridge India, Faradion . Retrieved 17 August 2023. Andrew J. Hawkins (December 19, 2019). "Tesla vehicles can soon be charged at EVgo charging stations in the US / The first connectors will be distributed at EVgo's charging stations in San Francisco". The Verge.China's CATL unveils sodium-ion battery – a first for a major car battery maker". Reuters. 2021-07-29 . Retrieved 2021-11-07. It will also look at the interests of the whole family and decide if these are more important than those of the creditor. Some of the things it will take into account include: If you're trying to cut your spending, or having problems with your outgoings, you could get help with bills. You could also use a calculator to work out your budget to see exactly where your money goes each month. Further help

Worst of all though, it might not be working at all. That’s why EV ownership, or rental for that matter, involves a little more thought and, ideally, a plan of action. Short hops around town are no biggie as you should be able to find at least one location where you can top up as needed. Which one you can use depends on the type of EV you want to charge and its ability to accept the power supply. The good news on that front is the car will be able to figure this out for you, so you won’t inadvertently fry your battery when you plug in. Dahn, J. R.; Stevens, D. A. (2000-04-01). "High Capacity Anode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 147 (4): 1271–1273. Bibcode: 2000JElS..147.1271S. doi: 10.1149/1.1393348. ISSN 0013-4651. In the meantime, however, you’ll just need to familiarize yourself with your EV’s port and charging compatibility, plug in and put up with the time you’ll need to pass while the thing recharges. Due to the physical and electrochemical properties of sodium, SIBs require different materials from those used for LIBs. [10] Anodes [ edit ] Carbons [ edit ]Combined Charging System Type 2 ( CCS2): Legally mandated DC fast-charging standard for Europe and Oceania. [26] Tesla vehicles sold in those countries, after May 2019, and newer Tesla Superchargers use CCS2. Older Tesla vehicles can be retrofitted to use CCS2 with an adapter. [34] [35] [10]